Examining the Peer Relationships Behind Bullying

Bullying can be a response to marginalization, or a way to maintain social dominance. Either way, the peer-to-peer dynamics involved in both of these bullying paradigms is key to whether bullying is legitimized, says Philip Rodkin in "Bullying--And the Power of Peers." Ironically, however, research shows that interventions involving peers (for example, as mediators) are actually associated with increases in victimization. So, peers play an essential role, and yet, interventions often fail to wield peer influence effectively--what can educators do?

Simply identifying children who fall into bully, victim, and bully-victim categories will not get at the peer relationships that feed bullying behavior, Rodkin says. He advises more nuanced conversations with students about their relationships, bullying, and school climate. Assess the hidden social curricula of your school, and find out what norms students accept as part of the school world. Clearly establish, and practice with fidelity, the norms of democratic schools, and know that some bullying relationships will need services beyond basic prevention. Most antibullying programs have not been rigorously evaluated, so know that the most important factor in planning successful interventions is knowing your school community.

How do you study the social world of your school and its students? How do you use this knowledge to create a safe climate?